Which common causative agent is associated with both hyperthermia and hypothermia?

The option indicating alcohol as the common causative agent associated with both hyperthermia and hypothermia is accurate due to its physiological effects on the body. Alcohol can increase body temperature by affecting the hypothalamus, which regulates temperature, leading to hyperthermia, especially in situations involving high ambient temperatures or while engaging in physical activities. Conversely, it can also contribute to hypothermia, particularly in cold environments. This occurs because alcohol can cause vasodilation, which increases blood flow to the skin, causing the body to lose heat more rapidly. Additionally, alcohol impairs the body’s ability to recognize cold and respond appropriately, further increasing the risk of hypothermia.

In contrast to alcohol, caffeine, ibuprofen, and nicotine do not have the dual association with both hyperthermia and hypothermia in the same significant manner. Caffeine primarily acts as a stimulant without a direct causal relationship to extreme temperature regulation. Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory medication, typically used to reduce fever, thus not linked to promoting hyperthermia. Nicotine, while it can have various effects on the cardiovascular system, does not have a clear connection to temperature regulation similar to alcohol.